held by production

What is a Pugh clause?
Oil and Gas Law

Texas Pugh Clause: Protecting Your Property Rights

A landman shows up with a lease offer for your 500-acre ranch. The terms look reasonable on the surface. Six years later, a single producing well covers 40 acres on the southwest corner of your property. The operator has not drilled anywhere else, has no plans to drill anywhere else, and yet your entire 500 acres are still under that lease. Your right to lease the remaining 460 acres to a different operator, or to do anything else with those mineral rights, is gone for as long as that one well keeps producing. The provision that would have prevented this is called a Pugh clause. The operator’s standard lease form does not include it, and the absence is not an oversight. In This Article: Understanding the Basic Function of Pugh Clauses Vertical vs. Horizontal Pugh Clauses Common Variations in Texas Pugh Clause Language Unit Designation and Pooling Considerations Economic Impact

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Oil and Gas Law

Understand Primary and Secondary terms in Minerals Leases

If you own land in Texas and it holds minerals like oil or gas, lease terms matter more than you may think. These rules decide how long a company can use your land, when they must begin work, and what happens if they do not. A clear lease can help protect both your land and your long-term income. That is why knowing the parts of a lease is key, especially industry specific terminology like the primary and secondary terms. Let us explore what these terms mean and how you can use them to your advantage. In This Article: Understanding Oil and Gas Leases in Texas What Is the Primary Term? Why Primary Term Length Matters Transitioning to the Secondary Term What to Watch for During the Secondary Term Legal Protections and Common Clauses Keeping Track of Lease Performance Environmental and Safety Updates Changes from 2024–2025 Legislation Recent Court Decisions and

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Oil and Gas Law

Free Your Land from Oil Leases Using Smart Clauses

Leases in Texas oil and gas can be tricky, especially when they reach the end of their term. Many landowners are surprised to learn their oil lease may still be active—even when no drilling has happened for months. Other times, a lease seems expired but continues due to unclear terms. One helpful tool in dealing with this issue is called a Continuous Development Clause. This clause helps landowners take control and make sure oil companies follow through with drilling or return the land. When used right, it can help you reclaim land from lease and protect your valuable mineral rights. In This Article: What Is a Continuous Development Clause? Why It Matters for Landowners How Continuous Development Clauses Are Structured Why Texas Courts Enforce CDCs Strictly Checking If a Lease Has Expired Tracking Development Activity Understanding Retained Acreage Is the Lessee in Breach? Legal Steps to Reclaim Land Understanding Quiet

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Oil and Gas Property Rights

Unlock Land Potential: Texas Retained Acreage Clause

Oil and gas leases are important legal tools for managing land with mineral potential. Landowners often want to make sure these leases are fair and productive. A common concern is making sure land is not tied up without benefit. This is where retained acreage clauses become very useful. These clauses ensure that only parts of the land that are actually producing remain under lease. In This Article: What Is a Retained Acreage Clause? Understanding the Clause Legal Basics in Texas Why Retained Acreage Clauses Matter for Landowners Stopping Unused Land from Being Tied Up Better Use of Mineral Resources Keeping Royalty Checks Coming How Retained Acreage Clauses Work The Clause in Action The Role of Proration Units Other Key Lease Terms to Know How Depth Severance Helps Events That Trigger Clause Use Mandatory Release Clauses Important Tips When Negotiating a Lease Define the Important Words Clearly Limit the Land Held

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